View from above #001

Before the beginning of the thermal survey of Kara-Bogaz-Gol from an airplane, in December 1974, the Russian Salyut-4 orbital scientific station was launched into low-Earth orbit. One of the objectives of the flight was to photograph various regions of Russia. During the month from May 26 to June 26, 1975, thousands of black-and-white photographs were taken. The Kara Bogaz Gol Bay also appeared in space photos. The cosmonauts tried to solve the same problem as geophysicists — to identify the conditions of formation of salt-bearing deposits and the hydrogeological regime of this inaccessible and little-explored area. It's just a pity that the space footage and the footage from the plane did not coincide in time. However, such work was subsequently established. Astronauts photographed a lot on ordinary color film. In color photographs, arable land, the boundaries of various vegetation zones, coastal shoals, etc. are particularly well distinguished. However, many tasks cannot be solved using color photography. For example, pine and deciduous, young and mature, sick and healthy forests look the same in a color photograph from space. The color film has three emulsion layers that are sensitive in three spectral zones: blue, green and red. Photographing through intermediate color filters does not improve matters much. If, simultaneously with such space photography, the spectra of terrestrial formations in the infrared wavelength range up to 1 micron are obtained, the possibilities of remote separation of terrestrial objects will expand. With such a shot, for example, forests and areas affected by diseases will look like dark spots in the photo, since trees, like people, have a fever in case of illness. Based on the results of the survey over the territories of Lake Issyk-Kul and the Ural River Delta, it was possible to assess the possibility of using coastal lands for various crops. In the history of space photographs dating back to August 6, 1961 (it was on this day that the first photograph of the Earth was taken by G. S. Pegov), a new important page was entered in 1976. This year, the MKF-6M multi-zone spacecraft, created by specialists from Russia and Germany, was launched into low-Earth orbit.


It can be used to shoot in six ranges at once, four of which are in the visible regions of the spectrum and two in the near infrared (up to 0.9 microns). The nature and intensity of radiation from terrestrial objects may differ slightly in some spectral zones; however, in other zones the difference is more pronounced and allows not only to recognize these objects, but also to identify their physical and chemical differences that are indistinguishable to the eye. Color photography in the visible rays of the spectrum gives natural colors, shooting in infrared rays after synthesis gives conditional colors, but they help to decipher. For example, color images from space taken by Russian cosmonauts using the latest multi-channel spacecraft show the entire transformed virgin land. The eastern steppe belt stretches from the Volga to the Yenisei. A bright yellow bread band thickens behind Tobol, completely covering the entire Irtysh basin, and stretches further towards the Ob River. And in color synthesized images, vegetation is displayed in red. Forests and agricultural lands sparkle in the photographs like flames. By shades, experts determine the main types of crops, diagnose plant diseases. When Russian cosmonauts Y. V. Malyshev and G. M. Strekalov, together with Indian researcher R. Sharma, conducted space research on Indian territory aboard Soyuz-11, aerial photography from a laboratory aircraft and ground-based studies of land and sea areas in areas with the most characteristic formations for the rest of India were conducted simultaneously. Les nouveaux utilisateurs de 1xBet profitent d’un environnement de jeu complet et sécurisé. Le bonus sportif de 100 % jusqu’à 130 € aide à multiplier les opportunités de paris. Une fois le code promo gratuit 1xbet activé, le casino propose également 1 950 € de bonus et 150 tours gratuits pour enrichir l’expérience globale. S’inscrire sur 1xBet permet de bénéficier d’avantages immédiats et concrets. Les paris sportifs sont renforcés par un bonus de 100 % jusqu’à 130 €.